Friday, December 27, 2019
The French Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Le Plus-Que-Parfait
The French past perfect, or pluperfectââ¬âknown in French as le plus-que-parfaitââ¬âis used to indicate an action in the past that occurred before another action in the past. The latter use can be either mentioned in the same sentence or implied. Le Plus-Que-Parfait Theà plusâ⬠queâ⬠parfaità is the compound form of theà imparfaità (imperfect)à and is formed by using the imperfect of the appropriate helping verb,à avoirà orà à ªtre (have or be)à and theà participeà passà ©Ã (past participle) of the verb. Its English equivalent is ââ¬Å"hadâ⬠and the past participle. The table provides some example; for clarity, the prior action is listed in parentheses in some cases. French Pluperfect English Translation Il navait pas mang (avant de faire ses devoirs). He hadnt eaten (before doing his homework). Jai fait du shopping ce matin. Javais dj fait la lessive. I went shopping this morning. I had already done the laundry. Jtais dj sorti (quand tu as tlphon). I had already left (when you called). Nous voulions te parler parce que nous ne tavions pas vu hier. We wanted to talk to you because we didnt see you yesterday. Expressing Hypotheticals The pluperfect is also used in si clauses to express a hypothetical situation in the past contrary to what actually happened.à Sià clauses or conditionals produce conditional sentences, with one clause stating a condition or possibility and a second clause naming a result produced by that condition. In English, such sentences are called if/then constructions. The Frenchà sià means if in English. There is no equivalent for then per se inà French conditional sentences. French Pluperfect With Si Clause English Translation Si tu mavais demand, jaurais rpondu. If you had asked me, I would have answered. Nous y serions alls si nous avions su. We would have gone if we had known. Otherà Plus-Que-Parfait Information The French past perfect is aà compound conjugation, which means it has two parts: Imperfectà of theà auxiliary verbà (eitherà avoirà orà à ªtre)Past participleà of the main verb Like all French compound conjugations, the past perfect may be subject toà grammaticalà agreement, as follows: When the auxiliary verb isà à ªtre, the past participle must agree with the subject.When the auxiliary verb isà avoir, the past participle may have to agree with its direct object. French Past Perfect Conjugations Conjugating the Frenchà le plus-que-parfaità (the past perfect or pluperfect) requires knowing when to useà avoir,à à ªtre, or aà pronominal, as the table demonstrates for the verbsà aimerà (to love),à devenirà (to become), andà lavarà (to wash). Aimer (auxiliary verb is avoir) j avais aim tu avais aim il,elle avait aim nous avions aim vous aviez aim ils,elles avaient aim Devenir (tre verb) j tais devenu(e) tu tais devenu(e) il tait devenu nous tions devenu(e)s vous tiez devenu(e)(s) ils taient devenus elle tait devenue elles taient devenues Se Laver (pronominal verb) je mtais lav(e) tu ttais lav(e) il stait lav ils staient lavs nous nous tions lav(e)s vous vous tiez lav(e)(s) elle stait lave elles staient laves Frenchà pronominal verbs are accompanied by the reflexive pronounà seà orà sà preceding the infinitive, henceà the grammatical term pronominal, which means relating to a pronoun. All conjugatedà verbs, with the exception of theà imperativeà form, require aà subject pronoun.
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Essay about Unit 4 P1 - 2506 Words
Emotional development- Young infants probably do not have a sense of being an individual. Attachment has been defined as an affectional bond that endures across space and time. There would most likely be a psychological response; you would feel surprised and somewhat pleased to see your mom. Infants who are securely attached have successfully developed what Erikson referred to as trust. Social development- Infants soon recongnise their mothers voice and smell. Social referencing is the term for the way that infants take their cues from others in deciding what emotions and actions are appropriate. How do infants learn to be afraid of something? One way is their own experience, but that experience is very limited. A second way is byâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Social: At this stage of life, Adolescences communicate socially by using social network sites or by mobile phones and other gadgets as technology is increasing rapidly. They become more involved in group activities and plan on going out and have a good time. Predictable * Starting secondary school, carrying on with further education such as A-levels, university * Starting work- going into full/part time job when you are legally able to work * Puberty changes which occur during the ages 10-18 Un-Predictable * Bereavement * Crime- being involved in a crime you unintentionally/intentionally cause * Convictions * Teenage pregnancy- not using birth control if you are having sex, most are likely to become pregnant Development norms and milestones for adolescence (10-18 years) During the life stage of adolescence, it is a time of many physical, mental, emotional, and social changes. Hormones change and puberty begins. Boys grow facial hair and go through wet dreams and erections. Girls begin to grow hair under their arms and other areas, breasts start to grow and the menstrual cycle begins. Being worried about how their body looks is normal for every teenager, but they learn to adapt to their bodies as they are going through a change. Many teenagers might face peer pressure to use alcohol, smoking, drugs and to have sex. Other challenges which may occur can be eating disorders,Show MoreRelatedUnit 4 P1 and M11181 Words à |à 5 PagesUnit 4 Task 1 I have selected ââ¬ËSainsburyââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ as my organisation and I will explain the types of information used in my organisation. The following are: * Verbal * Written * On-Screen * Multi-Media * Web based Verbal Face-to-face verbal communication is the best way to communicate. There is less chance for misunderstanding and it allows for verbal and nonverbal messages. 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When both the units fail, if unit can be repair in short time then repair will be continued, otherwise in order to improve availability another substitute system taken from outside is usedRead MoreProfessor1037 Words à |à 5 Pagespoints on the demand curve, (QD1 , P1 ) and (QD2 , P2 ) . We use the midpoint formula, so: QD2 âËâ QD1 âŽ⺠QD2 âŽÅ" âŽÅ" PED = ⎠P2 âŽ⺠P2 âŽÅ" ⎠+ QD1 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ 2 ⎠âËâ P1 + P1 ⎞ ⎟ 2 ⎠Once we have calculated the PED between two points on the demand curve, we can say if demand between those points is ââ¬Å"elastic,â⬠ââ¬Å"inelasticâ⬠or ââ¬Å"unit elasticâ⬠: â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Demand is ââ¬Å"elasticâ⬠at a certain point if PED -1 Demand is ââ¬Å"inelasticâ⬠at a certain point if 0 PED -1 Demand is ââ¬Å"unit elasticâ⬠at a certain point if PED =Read MoreResearch: Scientific Method and Social Care1464 Words à |à 6 PagesAssignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title BTEC L3 : Health and social care Year 1 Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care Learner name Assessor name Nadia Anderson, Shauna Silvera Date issued Deadline Submitted on September 2013 (Individual issue dates set throughout the year) July 2014 (Individual deadline dates set throughout the year) Assignment title Research Methodology for Health and Social Care In this assessment you will have opportunities to provideRead MoreEssay on Micro Economic Imperfect Market694 Words à |à 3 Pagesinvestment is made, marginal cost will be reduced to $4. 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On failure of the system, if system can be repaired in short time then repair will be continued, otherwise in order to improve availability another substitute system taken from
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Fryderyk Chopin Romanticism in Music free essay sample
From the very beginning, It Is clear as to why this music Is Romantic. The quiet sextuplets underneath a very distinguishable melody, along with dramatic rulings and failings allow the listener to recognize the Romantic qualities. But there are other things that give It away. The extended range of the Plano that was Introduced during this time period is brought out in several spots, especially in m. 4, where a addenda in the right hand is raised an octave. Also, the way the right and left hands are aligned, the melody sounds stretched, as if it is solely an interpretation by the performer. While this piece and many works are heavily influenced by ones interpretation, emphasis on the middle beats of the sextuplets make them sound as if they are on the downbeat, thus making the melody sound stretched, at least to a listener with no exposure to this piece.While earlier piano pieces from the Classical period may use the left hand as purely accompaniment, this uses the left hand for lour, and allows the right hand to seem more lenient with the rhythms. We will write a custom essay sample on Fryderyk Chopin: Romanticism in Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This, along with the variety of note-values and groupings, give the right hand the ability to sounds Like a time-governed cadenza. The Ideas of Romanticism are heavily emphasized by Chopping musical creations. It is quite obvious that this Nocturne, along with the majority of Chopping other works, carries a strophic form.The theme is repeated and built upon, though it is never more than a few measures long before moving on to the next motive. The book even states that the A theme unfolds unpredictably through constant variation. In a less touchy-feely sort of way, the phonetic aspects of the piece contribute to the tension and calmness involved in the story of the Nocturne. As mentioned above, the sense of rhythmic duress is nothing more than a piece of the puzzle that helps make the Nocturne a piece of Romantic.The syntax of the evolving theme help create the semantics, or the senses, that Chopin hoped to achieve. While the unraveling Is somewhat unpredictable, the entire point of this Nocturne Is to allow the listener to experience the character; the semantics of the piece. Without a doubt, a listener that s able to appreciate music, even at a very basic level, should have an idea as to what the composer was trying to achieve. A listener may feel calm, tranquil, or stress-free, even as the climax of the B section takes place.The ideas discussed in class of what Romanticism is (return to nature, emphasis on feelings, rediscovery of the past) all fit into ones ability to relate to the music: a key factor in Romantic ideology. The ability for one to put their own story to a Romantic piece of work is one of the beautiful things about this time period. Since the requirements for this paper were for me to sky questions, I decided to ask myself a question as to what I felt or thought of when hearing it. So, here goes. The story is something that I cherish has happened very recently.The beginning represents a love, something I shared over the summer with someone. I couldnt help but feel a constant longing to be with them, let alone be away and not think about them at all times of the day. Life was pleasant to say the least. But, things didnt work out the way I thought they would. My feelings werent before returning to school so I wouldnt have to feel the pain as much and start the master off poorly. This would represent the A and B sections. The repetition of A has not happened quite yet. I am saving that for the final love.The one that lasts up until the day I die a peaceful death, which is represented by the ending. The story is not something that Im good at describing in words, at least on paper. I typically dont have an issue letting my feelings come out with close friends or with someone a bit more significant. But this piece constantly reminds me of how I feel, what Im capable of feeling, and ultimately, what I want out of life. Every person who listens to this piece can ultimately put a story of their own into the context.I cant help but feel connection of energy and my soul to this piece, which I feel is the absolute goal of Chopin and other Romantic composers. Perhaps not to connect other people with their music, but to connect other people with themselves, the composers. Chopping contribution to the evolution of music is made clear by the incredible use of language that do more than tell a story. The language speaks feelings into a listener more than anything from the previous era could do.
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Universal Exposition 1889 Essay Example
Universal Exposition 1889 Paper The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a Worlds Fair held in Paris, France from 6 May to 31 October 1889. It was held during the year of the 100th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, an event traditionally considered as the symbol for the beginning of the French Revolution. The fair included a reconstruction of the Bastille and its surrounding neighborhood, but with the interior courtyard covered with a blue ceiling decorated with fleur-de-lys and used as a ball room and gathering place. [1] The 1889 Exposition covered a total area of 0. 6 km? , including the Champ de Mars, the Trocadero, the quai dOrsay, a part of the Seine and the Invalides esplanade. Transport around the Exposition was partly provided by a 3 kilometre (1. 9 mi) 600 millimetre (2 ft 0 in) gauge railway by Decauville. It was claimed that the railway carried 6,342,446 visitors in just six months of operation. Some of the locomotives used on this line later saw service on the Chemins de Fer du Calvados. [2] C ontents [hide] â⬠¢1 Structures â⬠¢2 Attractions â⬠¢3 Statistics â⬠¢4 Gallery â⬠¢5 See also â⬠¢6 References 7 Resources â⬠¢8 External links Structures[edit source | editbeta] The main symbol of the Fair was the Eiffel Tower, which was completed in 1889, and served as the entrance arch to the Fair. The tower was constructed of wrought iron and was designed by Gustave Eiffel. The 1889 fair was built on the Champ de Mars in Paris, which had been the site of the earlier Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867, and would be the site of the 1900 exposition as well. The fair marked the first time that visitors were allowed to go onto the yet unfinished Eiffel Tower.Though not yet completed, exhibition attendees were allowed to walk up to the second floor platform. [3] Workers had worked through the night the day before the exhibition opened to complete the necessary construction needed to safely allow patrons to set foot upon the structure. When speaking of the dedica ted workers, M. Salles, the son-in-law of Mr. Eiffel made the statement that no soldier on the battle field deserved better mention than these humble toilers, who, will never go down in history. No one other than construction personnel were allowed higher than the second floor platform. [3] An equally significant building constructed for the fair was theGalerie des machines, designed by architect Ferdinand Dutert and engineer Victor Contamin. It was reused at the exposition of 1900 and then destroyed in 1910. At 111 meters, the Galerie (or Machinery Hall) spanned the longest interior space in the world at the time, using a system of hinged arches (like a series of bridge spans placed not end-to-end but parallel) made of steel or iron.The choice of construction material is controversial; the building was designed to be built with steel but was actually constructed in iron. Aerial photo of the Exposition Universelle in 1889, central in the picture is the entrance arch known as the Eif fel Tower Volume 10 of Studies in the History of Civil Engineering: Structural Iron and Steel 1850-1900 (published by Ashgate Publishing Limited and edited by Robert Thorne in 2000), includes an article by John W. Stamper, The Galerie des Machines of the 1889 Paris worldââ¬â¢s fair.In it, Stamper claims that The principal material of the buildingââ¬â¢s structure was to have been steel, but the decision was made at the last minute to use iron instead. There is considerable confusion about this on the part of architectural historians, most of whom assume it was built of steel since that is what is mentioned by contemporary journalists before the opening of the fair. William Watson, an American engineer who wrote a thorough report on the fair after it closed states that the idea of using steel was abandoned ââ¬Å"on the two-fold ground of expense and the necessity of hastening the execution of work. The price of iron was about two-thirds that of steel in 1889â⬠¦. There is an extensive and elaborate description of the Expositions two famous buildings in the British journal Engineering (3 May 1889 issue) with illustrations. A follow-up report appears in the 14 June issue of Engineering with this summation: the exhibition will be famous for four distinctive features. In the first place, for its buildings, especially the Eiffel tower and the Machinery Hall; in he second place, for its Colonial Exhibition, which for the first time brings vividly to the appreciation of the Frenchmen that they are masters of lands beyond the sea; thirdly, it will be remembered for its great collection of war material, the most absorbing subject now-a-days, unfortunately, to governments if not to individuals; and fourthly, it will be remembered, and with good cause by many, for the extraordinary manner in which South American countries are represented. (p. 677) The 28 June issue of Engineering also mentions a remarkable Great Model of the Earth created by Theodore Villard and Charles Cotard.There were unseasonal thunderstorms in Paris during that summer of 1889, causing some distress to the canopies and decoration of the exposition, as reported by the Engineering issues at that time. The Exhibition included a building by the Paris architect Pierre-Henri Picq. This was an elaborate iron and glass structure decorated with ceramic tiles in a Byzantine-Egyptian-Romanesque style. After the Exposition the building was shipped to Fort de France and reassembled there, the work being completed by 1893. Known as the Schoelcher Library, initially it contained the 10,000 books thatVictor Schoelcher had donated to the island.Today it houses over 250,000 books and an ethnographic museum, and stands as a tribute to the man it is named after who led the movement to abolish slavery in Martinique. Attractions[edit source | editbeta] Plan of the fair A Negro village (village negre) where 400 people were displayed constituted the major attraction. [4] Matching closely the opening day of the Exposition, the Opera Comique premiered on 14 May 1889 with a work specially composed for that event: Jules Massenets Esclarmonde (debuting American soprano Sybil Sanderson), attracting and entertaining crowds of visitors for the more than 50 evenings the Exposition lasted.At the Exposition, the French composer Claude Debussy first heard Javanese gamelan music, performed by an ensemble from Java. This influenced some of his later compositions. William Stroudley, locomotive superintendent of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railwaydied whilst at the exhibition, where he was exhibiting one of his locomotives. Heineken received the Grand Prix (English: Grand Prize) at the exposition. Buffalo Bill recruited American sharpshooter Annie Oakley to rejoin his Wild West Show which performed for packed audiences throughout the Exposition.Other prominent visitors included the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII) and his wife, Princess Alexandra; artistsJames McNe ill Whistler, Edvard Munch, Rosa Bonheur, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh; U. S. journalist and diplomat Whitelaw Reid; author Henry James; Filipino patriot Jose Rizal; and inventor Thomas Edison A central attraction in the French section was the Imperial Diamond, at the time the largest brilliant in the world. [5] Statistics[edit source | editbeta] â⬠¢Expenses: 41,500,000 Francs â⬠¢Receipts: 49,500,000 Francs â⬠¢Visitors: 32,250,297 â⬠¢Exhibitors: over 61,722, of which 55% were French Gallery
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